In the diagram, we see Green on starboard tack, crossing ahead of Red on port tack.  As Green crosses at position 3, she heads up, and Red has to bear away to avoid her. Green is clearly planning to tack, but at position 3 she has not crossed head to wind. She is still a starboard-tack boat and therefore still has right-of-way.  Rule 13 do not apply until after Green passes head to wind.  As a right-of-way boat altering course, rule 16 says that Green has to give Red room to keep clear.  Red is easily able to keep clear, so Green has met that obligation.  At position 5 Red is the leeward boat and has right of way under Rule 11.

In the second diagram, Yellow starts to tack sooner.  At position 4, while Yellow has not reached a close-hauled course, Blue has to bear way.  From position 3 when Yellow passes head to wind until position 5 when Yellow reaches a close-hauled course, Yellow is subject to rule 13 and required to keep clear.  Since Blue was forced to bear away, Yellow has broken rule 13 by not keeping clear.